What are the common faults of low-voltage switchgear?

Release time： 2025-09-30

Low-voltage switchgear is a critical piece of equipment in power systems, used for distributing electrical energy, controlling circuits, and protecting electrical devices. However, during operation, low-voltage switchgear can experience a variety of faults.

Low-voltage switchgear is a critical piece of equipment in power systems, used for distributing electrical energy, controlling circuits, and protecting electrical devices. However, during operation, low-voltage switchgear may experience various types of failures. Below are some common failure types, along with their causes and troubleshooting methods:

1. Circuit breaker malfunction

  • Fault symptoms : The circuit breaker fails to operate properly—unable to open or close, remains tripped after tripping without resetting, and exhibits contact erosion, among other issues.

  • Cause Analysis ：

    • Control circuit failure.

    • After the smart trip unit operated, the red button on the panel did not reset.

    • The energy storage mechanism is either not storing energy or the energy storage circuit has malfunctioned.

    • Does the pull-out switch engage fully?

    • Electrical interlock failure.

    • The closing coil is faulty.

  • Exclusion method ：

    • Use a multimeter to check for open circuits.

    • Identify the cause of the trip, eliminate the fault, and then press the reset button.

    • Manually or electrically store energy; if energy storage fails, use a multimeter to systematically check the motor or identify any open circuit points.

    • Slide the withdrawable switch into place.

    • Check whether the chain line is connected.

    • Check using visual inspection and a multimeter.

2. Busbar Fault

  • Fault symptoms : Bus overheating, insulation breakdown, short circuits, and more.

  • Cause Analysis ：

    • Busbar connection is loose.

    • Insulation material aging.

    • An foreign object entered the cabinet.

  • Exclusion method ：

    • Check the busbar connections to ensure proper contact.

    • Check the load conditions to prevent operation under overload.

    • Improve ventilation conditions to ensure effective heat dissipation.

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